B.Sc. (PHYSICS) HONOURS
Syllabus(U.GC Model Curriculum-2001)
Introduction - The new syllabus for 3 year degree Honours and 3 year pass Course in Physics has been formulated in view of the UGC, guidelines contained in the site" "UGC Model Curriculum, 2001" A perusal of the UGC Curriculum indicates that most of the contents in theory papers are already being taught in this University for the past several years, thought here are difference in the U.GC. Pattern and the pattern being followed in this University The UGC Model curriculum has devised the Physics honours syllabus in 13 units, whereas in our yearly pattern of examination we are having
seven theory papers only in degree Part 1, 2 in degree Part-1 and 3 in degree
part-II) The new syllabus has been prepared so that the existing pattern may
continue but almost all the contents/subject matters suggested in the Model
curriculums are included. This has been made possible by compressing the
subject matter /contents of about two units in one theory paper.
PHYSICS - I (Honours)
This paper will be of 75 marks. Question I will contain ten objective
questions and it will be compulsory. Four questions are to be set from Group A
and Group B each. The candidates will be asked to answer two question from
each group. The questions will be of equal value.
Group-A
(Optics and Laser Physics) : Set 4 questions.
Fermat's principle-mirror and lens formula Cardinal points of a thick
lens and thick lens formula.
Spherical and chromatic aberration and their reduction by combination
of lenses, Ramsden's and Huygen's eyepieces.
Interference of light : The principle of superposition, two-slit interference, Coherence requirement for the sources, localised fringes in thin,films transition from fringes of equal thickness to those of equal inclination.
Michelson interferometer its uses for the determination of wavelength.
Wavelength difference and standardisation of the metre.Intensity distribution in multiple beam interference. Tolansky fringes Fabry-Perot interforemeter
and etalon.
Fresnel diffraction: Half-period zones, circular apertures and obstacles,
straight edge, explanation of rectilinear propagation.
Fraunhofer diffraction : Diffraction at a slit, a circular aperture and a
circular disc. Resolution of images; Rayleigh criterion, resolving power of a telescope and a microscope, outline of phase contrast microscopy.
Diffraction grating: Diffraction at N parallel slits; plane diffraction grating,
concave grating, resolving power of grating and prisms.
Polarisation : Double refraction and optical rotation, double refraction in
uniaxial crystals, explanation in terms of e.m. theory, phase retardation plates, Rotation of plane of polariastion, origin of optical rotation in liquids and in crystals.
Dispersion and scattering: Theory of dispersion of light, absorption bands
and anomalous dispersion. Theory of Rayleigh scatteing, scattering of X-rays and determination of Z of an atom.
Laser System: Purity of a spectral line, coherence length and coherence time, spatial coherence of a source, Einestein's A and B coefficients; Coherence
of a induced emissions. Conditions for laser action, existence of a metastable
state, population inversion by pumping and cavity, Ruby laser, He-ne laser.
Group-B
(Electrostatics and Magnetism, Waves and Oscillation): Set 4 Questions.
Electric field : Coulomb's law, Unit of charge (SI and other systems).
Conservation and quantisation of charge, field due to different charge
distributions, monopole, dipole, quadrupoles, linecharge, sheet charge, Torque
on a dipole in uniform fields, and non-uniform fields flux of an electric field.
Gauss' Law; application to deduce E fields, force per unit area on the surface of a charged conductor.
Potential : line integral of electric field and electrical potential, field as
the gradient of potential, potential energy of a system of charges, pair of charges,
line charge, sheet charge, spherical shell of charge changed hollow disc, Field equations for E in vacum. Energy associated with E field Differential form of
Gauss' law, div E' = 4 лp Poisson's equation, Laplace's equation boundary
conditions and Uniquenese theorems.
Electric field around conductors : Induced charges, field and potential
inside a conductor, field near the surface of a conductor, method of images.
Electric fields in matter : Atomic and molecular dipoles, polarisability
tensor, electronic and molecular contributions. Electric field caused by polarised
matter, E and D fields, permittivity, diclectric constant. Capacitor field with a
dialectric, field equations in presence of dielectric. The field of a polarised
sphere, dielectric sphere in a uniform field. Energy in dielectric systems,
polarisability and susceptibility, frequency dependence of polarisability.
Claussius Mossotti equation.
Magnetic field : Magnetic field B seen through Lorentz force on a moving
charge, unit for B defined through force on a straight current, torque on a current loop in B field, magnetic dippoles in atoms and molecules. gyromagnetic ratio.
Magnetic field due to currents: Bio and Satwart's law, Field equations in
magnetostostatics, Ampere's law Fields due to a straight wire, magnetic dipole
circular current and solenoid. Magnetic fields in matter.
Magnetising current, magnetisation vector, H and B fields, magnetic
permeability, susceptibility. Comparison of magneto, statics and electrostatics.
field equations for E, D and H.
Properties of ferromagnatic materials, Langevin's and Weiss theories of dia, para and ferromagnetism.
Differential equation of a wave, equation of progiessive waves, stationary waves.
Compression waves in fluids and in extended solids.
Free damped and forced oscillations in one dimension Fourier series,
and its application to rectangular and sawtooth waves. Vibration of a string
Intensity and loudness of sound and their measurements. Acoustics of
buildings.
Tilka Manjhi Bhagalpur and Munger University physics honours paper 2 syllabus.
PHYSICS (HONOURS) PAPER-II
This paper will be of 75 marks. Question I will contain ten objective
questions and it will be compulsory. Four questions are to be set from group A
and Group B each. The candidates will be asked to answer two questions from
each group. The questions will be of equal value.
Group-A
(Heat and properties of Matter): Set 4 questions.
Derivation of Maxvell's law of distribution of velocities and its
experimental verification Equipartition of energy. Mean free path.
Transport phenomena : Viscosity, conduction and diffusion, Browman
motion-Langevin and Enestein's theories and experimental determination of Avogadro's number.
Rectilinear flow of heat in a metal rod conductivity by periodic flow method.
Relation between thermal and electrical conductivities; Vander Wall's equation of state.
Gravitational potential and field due to bodies of regular geometrical
shapes like sphere, hemishere, circular disc, rod and cone. Motion in central field, Kepler's laws, two particle motion in a central field. Elasticity and elastic constants, relations among elastic constants. Bending of beams and cantilevers.
Torsion of a cylinder and rigidity modulus, flat spiral spring, effect of
temperature and pressure on elasticity.
Surface tension and surface energy, principle of virtual work and its
application to surface tension. Ripples and gravity waves, determination of surface tension by the method of ripples.
Effect of temperature on surface
tension.
Hydrodynamics Equation of continuty, Euler's equation, Bemouli's
Kelvin-Helmholiz thennem on vonícity. Viscosity of fluids, critical velocity
Poiseuiffe's formula with correction. Flow of a compressible fluid through a narrow tube Viscosity of gases, Renkline's method. Effect of temperature and pressure on viscosity
Group B
(Thermodynamies): Set 4 questions.
Zeroeth law of thermodynamics, definition of temperature, first and second laws of thermodynamics.
Carnot's engine and Carnot theorem. Absolute scale of temperature, Claussius' inequality. Entropy, entropy changes in reversible
and irreversible process. Enthalpy, Helmholtz and Gibbss functions. Gibbs- Helmholtz equations. Maxwells equation and their applications to simple physical problems.
Thermodynamics description of phase transion, chemical potential. Latent heat of transition, Clayperon equation. Ehren fest scheme of phase transition Joule-Thomson effect, liquifaction of gasses with special reference to hydrogen and helum. Production and measurement of low temperatures.
Blackbody radiation, Kirchoff s law, Stefan's law, Wien's Law. Planck.s law and its experimental verification
Einstein and Debye theories of specific heat of solids.
PRACTICAL PAPER
Full Marks 50 Time-6 hours
The syllabus shall includes the following experiments:
1. g' by Kater's pendulum.
2. Young modulus by flexure of beam
3. Elastic constants, Searle's method.
4. Rigidity modulus by (i) Barton's
apparatus (ii) Maxvell's needle.
5. Moment of inertia by fly-wheel.
6. Surface
tension by Jaeger's method.
7. Surface tension by the method of ripples.
8. Surface tension by soap bubble.
9. Viscosity of water by capillary flow
method,
10. Viscosity of airs by Rankine's method.
11. Viscosity of liquid by
Stoke's method,
12. Laws of transverse vibrations of string by a sonometer.
13. Frequency of a tuning fork by Melde's experiment.
14. Velocity of ultrasonic
wave in a liquid.
15. "Gamma" of a gas by constant pressure thermometer.
16
"Gamma" of a liquid by sinker method.
17. Specific heat of solid by radiation
correction.
18. Specific heat of liquid by cooling method.
19. Thermal
conducitivity of copper.
20. Thermal conductivity of ebonite by Lee's disc
method.
21. J by Joule's calorimeter.
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